1. Lines representing the money supply metrics for the United States (US M2 - blue line) and the central banks for Japan (JP M2 - purple line) and the European Union (EU M2 - dotted purple line), charted against the left vertical axis as percentages. The money supply data shows a significant increase over time, especially notable during the time period that aligns with the COVID-19 pandemic where expansionary monetary policies were common.
2. A comparison of currency pair exchange rates, charted against the right vertical axis in terms of index values: EUR/JPY (red line), JPM2/EUM2 (green line), and USD/JPY (orange line). These pairs reflect the value of the euro and the U.S. dollar against the Japanese yen, and the ratio between the Japanese and European money supply measures.
2. A comparison of currency pair exchange rates, charted against the right vertical axis in terms of index values: EUR/JPY (red line), JPM2/EUM2 (green line), and USD/JPY (orange line). These pairs reflect the value of the euro and the U.S. dollar against the Japanese yen, and the ratio between the Japanese and European money supply measures.